Practical Theology, in particular, has evolved significantly in its role and perception within academic institutions. Historically, its value was often limited to the application of theoretical research findings (Heyns & Pieterse 1990:8), with many questioning its scientific legitimacy. The assumption was that Practical Theology’s sole purpose was to prepare pastors for ministry, thus limiting its broader intellectual scope. However, thanks to influential figures such as Karl Schleiermacher, the academic world began to recognize the validity of Practical Theology as a credible sub-discipline. Schleiermacher’s advocacy illuminated its unique intra-disciplinary nature, as well as the specific tasks and methodologies it employs, thus legitimizing its place within the broader theological landscape (Heyns & Pieterse 1990:9).

One of the key areas within Practical Theology is pastoral care, which integrates both pastoral theology and psychology. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a richer, more nuanced understanding of pastoral care, as it draws from various fields to inform theory and practice. At Cornerstone Institute, our curriculum reflects this integration. Whether students are pursuing a higher certificate or a bachelor’s degree in theology, they are exposed to an interdisciplinary framework that includes electives and modules from Psychology, Community Development, and Sociology, all of which support the holistic development of pastoral care.

Pastoral care modules at our institute are designed to combine both theory and practice, ensuring that students are not only grounded in modern techniques of pastoral counselling but are also equipped with the methodological skills necessary to conduct qualitative and quantitative research. By their third year, students embark on a pastoral research project, further solidifying their ability to engage with pastoral care in both academic and practical contexts.

But what is pastoral care, truly? At its core, it is a sub-discipline of Practical Theology that focuses on the care, counselling, and spiritual nurturing of individuals within specific life contexts—whether within a congregation or the wider community. Gerkin (1997:74, 127-128) provides a classical summary of pastoral care, highlighting its holistic role in addressing the physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being of individuals.

In today’s postmodern world, Practical Theology has been influenced by cultural developments that have reshaped its focus and methodologies. Pastoral theologians like Doehring (1995:20) have noted the profound ways in which culture has impacted the discipline, leading to a more contextualized approach. No longer confined to theological jargon, pastoral care must bridge the gap between academic theology and the language of ordinary people, making it accessible and relevant (Gerkin 1997:76).

This shift has also expanded the scope of pastoral care to include issues and groups that were previously marginalized. Tieleman (1995) advocated for an understanding of spirituality that

transcends traditional religion, engaging in critical dialogue with culture, rationality, and humanity. As Van Arkel (2000:143-144) observed, Practical Theology has moved from focusing solely on doctrine and creeds to embracing the total well-being of the person. This broadening of scope has been instrumental in the development of pastoral theology, particularly in addressing contemporary social issues and challenges (Van Arkel 2000:148).

The role of pastoral care in social transformation cannot be understated. It must be integrated with the mission of social justice, calling upon the gospel to actively engage in ministries that serve the dispossessed, the homeless, and those who suffer from political and economic injustices. This is a crucial aspect of pastoral care, one that reflects the shift from ecclesiastical authority to a more community-based model of care. Patton (1993:4) highlighted this evolution, noting how pastoral counselling has moved from a classical, church-based model to a more clinical and communal-contextual paradigm. This shift represents a move from “care for systems” towards “systems of care” (Van Arkel 2000:158).

In this new paradigm, pastoral care seeks to embody what Miller-McLemore (2018:1) calls the “human living web,” a concept that emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals and communities in processes of investigation, interpretation, and transformation. By engaging in participatory pastoral care, we are not merely ministering to individuals in isolation but are contributing to the broader flourishing of communities.

At Cornerstone Institute, our pastoral care modules encourage students to explore diverse models of care, drawing upon theological, spiritual, psychological, and anthropological insights into human flourishing. We aim to equip students with the skills, attitudes, and personal resources necessary for effective pastoral care. To do this, students must reflect on their own experiences, be mindful of emerging practices, and remain attuned to the needs of those around them.

In conclusion, pastoral care is a transformative practice that not only beautifies the soul but also bridges the gap between theology and lived experience. It is through this practice that we, as pastoral caregivers, are able to contribute to the holistic well-being of individuals and communities, ensuring that the gospel’s call to love, justice, and care is lived out in tangible and meaningful ways